基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数:a. 与of 短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连 用,如scores of people 指许多人;b.在一些表示"一排"或"一组"的词组里;如:They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两的到达了。c. 表示"几十岁":dozens of ages;d. 表示"年代",用 in the 数词复数;e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如:3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen. 部分基数词
(1)位于another,all之后,如:Can you have another two cakes? 你还能吃2块蛋糕吗? The boy lost all the five pencils last week.这孩子上周把5枝铅笔全丢了。 (2)位于such和more之前,如:I can finish reading two such books in two days.两天里我能读完这样的两本书。Please give me one more apple to eat.请再给我一个苹果吃。 (3)可置于last,next,other之前或之后,如:His last two books are written in English.他的后两本书是用英语写的。
A.dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million等数词前面有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时,不加-s。例如 a few hundred meters 几百米 several million people 数百万人 two thousand teachers 两千位老师,但如表示“几百”“几千”“几百万”等笼统的数目时,则应用-s of构成短语。如:hundreds of books 几百本书 thousands of workers 几千个工人
B.表示一百,一千,一百万时需加上one或不定代词a。如:1000 a thousand 1031 a thousand and thirty-one 1100 one thousand ,one hundred 1498 one thousand,four hundred and ninety-eight 比较数字的开头多用不定代词a(见前两例),但在一个有百位数的数目前或在一个数目中间,则要用one
倍数的表达方法 :1.用…times表示。如: My room is three times as large as yours. 我的房间是你的三倍大小。 如果表示“是……两倍数”,一般用twice。如: My room is twice as large as yours. 我的房间是你的两倍大小。 2.用-fold表示。如: The value of the stock has increased two-fold since we bought it . 股票的价值已涨至我们购买时候的两倍。 3.用-%表示。如: The collection of our school library is 200% up compared with 1998. 我们学校图书馆藏书量与1998年相比增长了一倍. 4.用double(翻一番),triple(三倍于),again等词表示倍数。如: This coat cost me as much again as the coat I have just bought. 这件外套和我刚买的那件外套的价格一样。
分数、小数和百分数表示法:分数的分子以基数词表示,分母以序数词表示,当分子大于1时,序数词要用复数
“大约”的表示法 :(1) about, approximately, around, more or less, roughly, some等词 数词,或数词 more or less, or so, or thereabouts等词 (2) 基数词或阿拉伯数字末尾 -ish (3) 十位数 -s
数词的特殊用法:1.a 序数词(再一……,又一……)和the 序数词(第……) I’ll see the movie a second time.(再看一次) 2. 具有夸张含义的成语中的数词并不表示具体的数
1. 数词作主语,不论指人还是指物,谓语通常用复数。
About twenty know the secret. 二十人知道这个秘密。
Six are missing. 丢了六个。
2. “more than one + 单数名词”结构作主语,尽管从意义上看是复数,但它的谓语动词用单数形式。但“more+复数名词+than one”结构作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
More than one person has known the news. 不止一个人知道了这个消息。
More students than one are for your proposal. 很多学生同意你的计划。
3. one out of ten 或one in ten结构作主语,谓语动词应按照语法一致的原则,用单数。
One out of ten was badly injured in the accident. 在这场事故中有十分之一的人受了伤。
4. “a +单数名词 + or two” 结构作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。但“one or two +复数名词”结构作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
A word or two is missing here. 这里缺一两个词。
One or two friends are coming for dinner this evening. 一两个朋友今晚要来吃晚饭。
5. “many a + 单数名词”结构作主语,谓语动词需用单数形式。
Many a passenger was killed in the accident.许多乘客在这一次事故中丧生。
Many a boy has been to the castle. 有好几个男孩到过那城堡。
6. “one and a half + 复数名词”结构作主语,谓语动词需用单数形式。
One and a half bananas is left on the table. 桌上还剩下一根半香蕉。
One and a half years has passed. 一年半时间过去了。
7. “分数或百分数+ of + 名词”结构作主语,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。
Three-fourths of its surface of the earth is sea. 地球表面四分之三是海洋。
Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan. 在场的三分之二的人反对这个计划。
Around 10 percent of the forest is destroyed each year. 每年大约有百分之十的森林被毁。
8. 用plusand表示“加”,用minus表示“减”,和用times表示“乘”时,动词多用单数,但也可用复数。
Two and two isare four. 二加二是四。
Ten times five isare fifty. 十乘五等于五十。
注意:
用from表示“被减”,multiplied by表示“被乘”或divided by表示“被除”,其谓语动词用单数。
8 from 10 leaves 2. 10减8等于2。
25 divided by 5 equals 5. 25除以5等于5。
9. 时间价格距离等作为整体看待时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Fifty kilometers is a long distance. 五十公里是一段长距离。
Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford. 她付不起4,000美元。
The six months was a terrible dream for her. 那6个月对她来说是一场恶梦。
Only six days was allowed to make preparations for the final examination. 只给了六天的时间来准备期末考试。
注意:
若强调这类结构的复数意义,谓语动词也可用复数形式。
Six years have passed since my father left home. 我父亲离家已经六年了。
The fifty miles were covered by the winner in three hours. 优胜者花了三小时跑完了50英里的路程。
There are eight silver dollars in the drawer. 抽屉里有八块银元。
10.“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a heap of, a mass of, half of +名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为of后面的名词是中心词,而of前面的量词是修饰语。
Lots of damage was caused by fire. 许多损失由火灾引起的。
Lots of goods were sent there by air. 大量的货物空运到那里。
Half of the oranges are bad. 一半的桔子烂了。
Half of the food is unfit to eat. 这食物中有一半不能吃。
11. 在“a numbertotal of+名词复数”结构中,中心词是名词,谓语动词用复数形式。但在“the numbertotal of+ 名词复数”结构中,中心词却是number或total,故谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of students are playing basketball on the playground. 操场上有相当多的学生在打篮球。
The number of pages in this book is 900. 这本书的页数是900。
A total of 3,000 letters were received last month. 上个月共收到3,000封信。
The total of letters received last month was 3,000. 上个月收到信件共3,000封。
12. 在“a great deal of a large amount of + 不可数名词”结构作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。但“large amounts of + 不可数名词”结构作主语,谓语动词通常用复数。
A great deal of rice was taken from the country to the city by railway. 很多大米通过铁路从乡下运往城市。
A large amount of money is spent on the project. 这个工程耗费了巨额资金。
Large amounts of money were spent on the free way. 建高速公路花了大量的钱。
13. “the rest of + 可数名词或不可数名词”结构作主语,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。
The rest of the students are watering trees. 其余的学生正在浇树。
The rest of the wine has gone bad. 剩下的酒已经变质了。
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本文概览:基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数:a. 与of 短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连 用,如scores of people 指许多人;b.在一些表示"一排"或"一组...